Emmett Stone Emmett Stone

2721: How Spanish Created Its Own Pronoun Jun 2, 2024

There are parts of speech, known in linguistics as open lexical classes, where new words emerge constantly, like verbs and nouns, while closed lexical classes, like articles, prepositions, and pronouns, hardly ever change and are rarely if ever expanded. Spanish however invented a new pronoun [by pronoun standards] in the 17th century, ‘usted, ustedes’, from the phrase “vuestra merced” literally “your mercy” but functionally “your grace”, and like English’s “your grace” or “your majesty” etc. this is practically a second person pronoun, but grammatically acts like a third person pronoun. There are not direct parallels in other romance languages given the novelty of ‘usted’, but Portugese does have ‘você’ on the same basis, ‘vossemecê’ (your mercy), but this is rarely used, replaced in most situations by ‘o senhor’.

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English language use, Grammar, Syntax Emmett Stone English language use, Grammar, Syntax Emmett Stone

2489: Referential Pronouns in Non-Standard Constructions Oct 5, 2021

"I love myself some coffee" while allowed in some dialects for emphasis, is not strictly grammatical. It could be formed as an omission of the words "to get", as in "I [would] love to get myself..." Indeed, this environment could also allow 'me' in place of 'myself' ("I love me some coffee") which is even less standard but insofar as it is used, shows that the version with 'myself' might not be formed with the underlying structure of "...to get...". It should also be noted that the use of 'some' before a mass noun (i.e. it is understood as a mass and not separate units) cannot exist without the referential pronoun, either 'myself' or 'me', as "I love some coffee" would instead indicate some specificity instead of mere emphasis, that is, not all coffee here.

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